Germanium High purity germanium crystals Crystals are produced from very pure starting material. The material is purified by using zone refining in graphite and quartz boats, then grown into large single crystals using the Czochralski method. Specification Growth process CZ Diameter, mm 40-100 Length, mm as needed Orientation <100> Net impurity < (3-5) x 1010 Mobility, cm2/V.s 3.5 x 104 EPD, cm-2 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 Doped germanium single crystals Standard Specifications Dopant Range of specific resistivity, nominal value, ohm.cm EPD (no more than), cm-2 Range of ingot diameter, mm Length (not more than), mm Sb 15-45 5 x 103 28-35 50 Sb 6-14 5 x 103 - 5 x 104 28-35 50 Sb 0.1-5.5 5 x 103 - 1 x 104 28-35 50 Sb 0.01-0.09 2 x 103 - 5 x 104 20-35 40 Sb 0.004-0.009 5 x 104 20-35 40 Ga 15-45 5 x 103 28-35 50 Ga 6-14 5 x 103 28-35 50 Ga 0.1-5.5 5 x 103 - 1 x 104 28-35 50 Ga 0.01-0.09 2 x 103 - 5 x 104 20-35 40 Ga 0.004-0.009 5 x 103 - 5 x 104 20-35 40 Ga 0.002-0.003 5 x 103 - 5 x 104 20-35 40 Ga 0.00045-0.001 5 x 104 20-35 40 P 0.01-0.1 5 x 103 20-35 40 Deviation of diameter along an ingot does not exceed 4 mm. Orientation <111>.

Thin films and oxide layers Ion implants Etching